Internal-combustion engine.



W. HARPER, JR. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED 1330.12,1906. RENEWED OUT. 30, 1912. 1 5,121 5584. Patented Dec. 15,1914.

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: l I l n u 4 l m L 1 Witnesses: inventor,

W. HARPER, JR. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. AFPLIUATION FILED D3012,1906. RENEWED OCT. 30, 1912.

Patented; Dec.f15,l914,

3 $HEETSSHEET 2.

W. HARPER, 31;.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

RENEWED 00130, r912 ED DEG.12,190G. 1 A21 58%. Patented Dec 15, 1914.

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APPLIOATION TIL inventor,

'%W&UMM will? a ar; 35m- W' HAHURZEF,I

Wnnessea:

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WILLIABI HARPEQ'J 13., OF NEW BLUGMFIELD, PENNSYLVANKA, AQfiIGNOE, BYASSIQPNRSENTS, GE TI'IIfiEE-TENTHS TO HAZRJEER EN GKNEERING GQMPAZHY, ACGZL PURATEQN 53E NEW YGEK, AND SEVEEXLTEZT'IJ mi; T3 THUI ZAS A.MIEZVK'NS,

@H-AING'E, NEW! JERSEY.

03: EAST Application skis member 190s, Serial No. 347,421.

To all who-m it may concern Be it known that I, V ILLIAi-L HARPER, J12,H. citizencf the United States of America, and a resident cf NewBloomfiei, Perry 5 county, Pehhsyivzmia, have invented certain new and.useful. liiiiprovements in internal Combustion Lngiiies, of which thefollowing is a specification.

- This im'ention relates paiiicuiariy to 82% picsivc engines of thetwo-cycle type, ha ing means eXs-eiioi" b0 the power-chzmiber cf the'eiigine for the compression of the incoming charge. This meanscomprises a chami'iei' in a cyiinder tandem with and of large diameter"than cylinder containingthe power-c umber. The cyiihdei's are traversedby pisscn which his both and forms with the smaller cylinder :1-powerchamber, with the large; cylinder together with the crank-case themain compressionchamber, and bet-Ween the welis of the piston and thewalls of the larger CyiiHCiGY an annular ccmpressiomchsmher.

The object of he invention is to utilize in such a structure the annularcyiiit der space above indicated is an additional compressioii-chsmher.

A further object of the invegition is $0- prcvide a passageway wherehgg"the air which is compressed in the :mmiiar compi'essioibchamhei'isadciesito "she air which is ch'onrmfdirectiy, into the main compresn m,whereby both may be then L10 the power-chamber. through 5 the somepassageway.

A further object of the invehbion is; to pro-Tide such ii passageway forthe mains fer: of the air to the powenchemhcr Wi'iich is in 'mrtchroug'h the interior cf the istcnw .0 A furthei." object of theinvention is to so ciirect this passageway that the incoming air willcooi the pistmbheaci and other veils of the piston and parts providedfor the conduction and. radiation of heat therefrom. f the invention isto provide a compressed Stratified charge of air emi compresseci "Li acapacity of? the powepohamiwr and "so acimi'c the component parts of thecharge to the power-chamber in si'icccssicn so that the exploded chargeof the preceding operation Specification of Letters Extent,

.vcntion, on the hue i i of Fig. 3,

air and gas in excess of 315i, L'ienewczifictobcr *0, 3.912 serial Ho.728328.

of ehe engine will be completely scavenged.

by the air hefcre the czqoiosive portions of the charge pass into thepc'i vei chzunber.

he further ocjeci: a. 4 We invenfuion to utilise she inteiioriJiZG'PiSt-OH as ii stor age chamber in which air may be retai'nei Whileadded to the charge of an and gas ii). the 11' mu an? thereby stratifiedfrom. the c pure ail pi'cssioibchmnhei: the power chamber.

A fort-h i. object of the invention is to provide for the 7 charge, asCiiliifl o'ii 1 o ii'RG QOZZHPLQS e51 charge of ci' or mixed P310; iafter the has received the low ccmpre sion in the compressio. :hamhci's,but be fore final compression. in the powch-chan'i he" and :o a" fhcatomized fuel against :1 ham-i of? 1- niziie carried by the pie ton inthe po'we ilfiillbil".

In the accompanying three sheets of drawings w ch form :1 pm'i' of thisapplication, Figure 1 is longitudinal section through an en; unitenibociyih -f my inshowing the position of the parts at the end of apower sit-seize Fig. 2 iohgiixudinai section. on the line ii of 3.01. acompanion engine imii; cf identical design, sowing the position of theii'ximcciiateiy before 01 upon ignition. big. 3 is on cievaigion sho iing awo engine units operating a common crank. shaft.

The engine casing comprises a cylinder a ciosod at the top and;underneath a cyiiw der Z) of 1J1 internal (ii-emcee! tandem wiiai'i thefinder, the cyiindei'shcrjoihiii amgi iem'izig a step at the point ofjuncture owing to their difference in aiicmeiei'. B01111 cylinders aretl avei'sed by a hollow pision consisting of a head (Z fitviz'ig thesnuilier cyiindeg and a hcai e fitting w Cffiil'idel, A conneci" 1;; roof connects "she piston with the crank shaft of ihe engi e. The largercylinder ciosei efect by the crankcase 71-. Three Ciili'iiiJOIS "areformed by ihe cyiinciei's and piston: Above the piston ami i 2 ii cnssothat the iiiti-cciucticiii of ii fuel chamber; below the piston and inthe larger cylinder and the crank-case is formed the maincompression-chamber which also takes in the crank-case space and theinterior of the piston; and between the wells of the piston and thewalls of the larger cylinder is formed an annular compression-chambezuThe charge for the engine is drawn into the two comp1'essi0n-chan1hers,through checlovelves i y' in the inlet ports of the maincompression-chamber and of the annuler compression-chamber respectively.Air or a combustible mixture is admitted through the valve 1; into themain COIHPIIBS- sion-chamber, and air only is admitted through the valve9' into the annular coinpression-chamber.

A clearance chamber k is formed around the upper end of the largercylinder and is in unobstructed communication through ports Z Z with theupper end of the annular chamber so that it is in effect a clearancespace for the annular compressionchamber,

which is afforded without lengthening the chamber for the purpose.

Ports m m at the lower edge of the rim of the piston come intocommunication with the ports of the clearance chamber when thepiston'neors the upper point of its stroke end permit the escape of thecompressed air to the interior of the piston and theconipressioirchomher of the larger cylinder, the clearance chamber andits ports being in effect it communicating port between thecompression-chembers.

A deflector n is opposite the ports in the lower edge of the rim of thepiston and is formed so as to direct the inrushing air up weirdly to thetop of the chamber in the piston.

Near the end of the piston adjoining the power-chember is a port 0 whichis brought, when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke, opposite apassageway 39 leading into the powenchomber and forming a communieatingport from the coinprissionchamher of the larger cylinder into thepower-'chainher which lies in part through the piston and in contactwith the wells thereof. An oil-nozzle q is located in this port andsprays oil into the draft of the incoming charge to the power cylinder.The oil is delivered to the nozzle through a hollow feed shaft which isrevolved in e casing s, and the casing is supplied with oil under pressurev through e pipe t. A port in the side of the feed shaft is broughtopposite the nozzle at the required moment in each revolution. The feedshaft is revolved in syn chronisin with the crank-shaft through.transmitting mechanism consisting of miter gears u u, it connectingshaft 42 end miter gears 10 to. In the event of a number of en gineunits being connected to the crenlc shaft, ports are provided in thefeed shaft in proper angular position for the edmis sion of oil attheproper moment to the noszle of each engine unit.

The port containing the nozzle is so shaped that the air passingtherethrough will he directed and will carry the oil against a platewhich is mounted on the piston-heed in the power-chombcr. The charge isexploded by a. spark from a spark plug Exhaust ports a are located inthe walls of the powcr cheniber where they will be uncovered at theproper time by the ieton.

In. describing the operation of the engine, attention will be directedfirst to the induction and compression of the ports forming the someexplosive charge. Commencing with the piston of the engine in thepositio: illustrated in Fig. 2 on descent of the piston, air is drawninto the annular compression-chamber through the valve and this chamberwill he filled with eir at etmos pheric pressure when the piston reachesthis position, and the air will cool the piston walls which have becomeheated through contact with the wells of the owenchsim her and theexploded gases contained there in. (hi the return stroke this oil iscornpressed and driven into the clearance Cllllfib her Whileconcurrently, sir or mixed air and gas, is drawn through the valve 23and the crankcase into the main compressionshoreher. At the conclusionof this stroke the ports near the lower edge of the rim of the pistonare brought opposite the ports into the clearance chamber, therebyreleasing air in the clearance chamber and permitting it and any furtherair which may be driven from the annular compressionclmmher into thecleerence chamber to pass into the piston and become added to the air ormixed air. and gas drawn into the main compressionchomher through thevalve in the I By reason of impact against the deflector in the piston,the air is directed upwardly along the interior side walls oi the pistonin such manner that it will displace or drive before it the residual gasleft in the piston from the preceding" stroke. The residual gas possesdown through the middle of the piston while the pure air accumulates atthe top. in contac with the end of the piston which forms the movable wof the powerchamber, thereby cooling this and re remaining; stratifiedfrom the mixture of gas and air which isdriven into the lower portion ofthe piston, and the other ports of the main compressionchamber. 0n thenext stroke, which is down, the pure sir end the mixture while remainingstratified, ere cone pre d in the several parts 0% the main conipreeson-chemher. At the conclusion of the stroke port near the hood oi thepiston in the nower chsznber comes opposite the port leading into thenewer-chamber and ill - enote terior of which is in free comnmnicetionwith the larger cylindet and ting both. cylinders and forming apowcnclmmber in the smaller cylinder, at compressiomchamber in thelarger cylinder and interior of the piston, and on annulmai'rcompressionchemoer between the "collect the piston and the Walls of thelarger cylinder, inlet ports for both compression-clmmbers, ocommunieating port between the annular chemoer and the interior of thepiston, a de hector located within the piston for directing the airreceived from the annular chem her against the closed. end of thepiston, a communicating port between the compresion-ohamhei' of'thelarger cylinder and the power-chamber which is independent oi theannular chamber, and. onexhanst port 1501" the povvenchemher,substantially as de scribed.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a compression-chamber and epowen chainher, an inlet port tor the compression chamber, acommunicating port between the eon'ipression and power chambers, onoil'jet located in the communicating port and di-- rected into thepowonchamber, hollow ported feed eh-aft for supplying the jet, positivemeans for revolving the shaft to bring the port into communication withthe jet, and an. exhaust port for the power-chamber, and means forsuitably controlling the inlet and exhaust ports cool the communicatingport, substantially described.

6. in c two cvcle internel'comhostion engine, the combination with acylinder and piston therein, of meat admit air and an explosive chargesepo 'ely to cylinder below the piston, and other means to transferfirst the oi 1' and then the explosive charge to the working end of thecylinder at the end. of the power stroke.

7. lln a two cycle internil comlt'osti'on engine, the combination with acylinder and apieton therein, of ineensto odmitnir and an explosivecharge separately to the cylinder below the piston with the air next tothe piston, and means to transfer first the on end then the explosivecharge to the working end of the cylinder at the end 01: the ooweretrolcel 8. in. a two cycle internalcombustion engine, the combinationwith n cylinder and apiston' therein, of a closed crank case connectedto the cylinder, means to admit air and an explosive charge separatelyto the crank case chamber,- and other means to transfer first the airand then the explosive charge to the working end of the cylinder at theend of the power stroke.

9. In o'two cycle internal combustion engine, the combination with acylinder, of apiston therein, and a closed crank case communicating withone end of' the cylinder, means to admit air to the crank case chambcradjacent the niston, means to admit an explosive charge to the lovvciend oi the crank case chamber, and means to transfer the air and thenthe explosive charge to the Working end of the cylinder at the end ofthe power stroke.

10. In a two cycle internal combustion on gine, the combination with a.cylinder, a hol low piston therein and e closed crank case connectedwith said cylinder, of means to 21 ilmitnir to the interior oftine-piston, means to admit the explosive charge to the Clltllli case,and other means to transfer seid air and explosive charge to the workingend of the cylinder at the end of the power stroke.

11. In a two-cycle int ool combustion engine, the combinotion' v h acylinder, of e hollow piston therein, :1 crank case connected to thelower end of the cylinder, said cylinder having on air admission portand a, sepovate port for the admission of an explosive I charge bothleading to the epace beneath the piston, a deiloctotc for deflecting thecharge of air into the upper part of the piston, and moans to transferto the Working end of the cylinder first the air and then the explosivecharge.

12. In a two cycle internal-combustion engine, the combination with acylinder having an oininlct port and another port for the admission ofan explosive charge, of a piston in the cylinder, said piston having aport to register with the air-port, and a, communicating; port throughwhich the all and explosive charge are transferred the Working end ofthe cylinder, said piston having an outlet port to register with thecommunicating portet the end of the power psti-oke, ihstontially asdescribed( Signed by me at New York, N. Y., this 8th day of December,1906.

lVILLIAM HARPER, JR.

Witnesses I THOMAS, EWING, J '12 SAMUEL W. BALoH.

